"Garry Kasparov lost a match to the computer program program deep blue. It was a pivotal moment in machine intelligence for some it was an existential crisis a challenge to the supremacy of human intellect but for the technologists of the world this was a milestone of another kind a leap forward in the arena of artificial intelligence a sign that their dream of truly intelligent machine might not be so crazy after all a machine that can think remains the Dream News and quite a few startling breakthroughs away. How do we get to that point though what breakthroughs led up to Casper Roth's famous defeat and where did we go from there throwing it Barak and this this is command line heroes unoriginal podcast from red hat all season long. We're exploring the mysteries of programming languages uncovering uncovering their history and their potential this episode we zoom in on artificial intelligence. What language do you use news. When you're tech has a mind of its own how are programming ...

In 1959, John McCarthy noted that while interesting work was being done to solve problems requiring a high level of human intelligence, many simpler verbal reasoning processes had not yet been implemented using machines. Taking inspiration from the field of formal logic which dates back to Aristotle (384–322 BC), McCarthy sought to design a machine with "common sense". He proposed a program, named the Advice Taker, that could draw conclusions and improve from a set of premises ("advice") defined in a formal language. Unlike previous research on the subject [1], McCarthy wished to describe the program's procedures and heuristics in rich detail. The motivation behind this approach was to create a machine with the ability to learn from experience as effectively as humans do and enable discovery of abstract concepts through relatively simple representations.

This is the first clear call for the separation of knowledge and inference procedure in AI. In this paper McCarthy advocates using predicate logic as a declarative representation of knowledge and first-order logic as the inference procedure.Additional notes on this landmark paper at http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/mcc59/mcc59.html.Bar-Hilel's comments in the discussion section from the conference are also interesting:"PROF. Y. BAR-HILLEL: Dr. McCarthy's paper belongs in the Journal of Half-Baked Ideas, the creation of which was recently proposed by Dr. I. J. Good. Dr. McCarthy will probably be the first to admit this. Before he goes on to bake his ideas fully, it might be well to give him some advice and raise some objections. He himself mentions some possible objections, but I do not think that he treats them with the full consideration they deserve; there are others he does not mention.For lack of time, I shall not go into the first part of his paper, although I think that it contains a lot of highly unclear philosophical, or pseudo-philosophical assumptions. I shall rather spend my time in commenting on the example he works out in his paper at some length. Before I start, let me voice my protest against the general assumption of Dr. McCarthy -- slightly caricatured -- that a machine, if only its program is specified with a sufficient degree of carelessness, will be able to carry out satisfactory even rather difficult tasks."In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanization of Thought Processes, National Physical Laboratory 1:77-84